It was criticized as superficial, exaggerated, and vulgar. As the work of artists like Vincent van Gogh and Pablo Picasso gained currency, Stuck’s style appeared increasingly anachronistic. He was knighted in 1905 and added the honorific “von” to his last name. During the first decade of 1900 Stuck was at the apex of his international renown. Among the highlights is a towering altarpiece surmounted by a version of Sin, which presides over the artist’s studio (see Danzker 2013, pp. The richly ornamented interior integrates Stuck’s paintings and sculptures into a setting inspired by the art of ancient Greece and Rome. He provided architectural plans and designed decor for the building, which was intended as a Gesamtkunstwerk, or a complete work of art, in which all the elements form a perfect whole. In 1897–98, the artist was sufficiently wealthy to construct a palatial villa in Munich (now a museum dedicated to his work). In 1895 Stuck was named professor at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste, and appointed to the board of the new, cutting-edge artists’ circle Pan, designing the title page for its journal. The next year he created a popular sensation by displaying his brazenly sexual painting Sin at the Secession perhaps surprisingly, Munich’s Neue Pinakothek acquired it that year as a gift from a private collection (see fig. In 1892, he helped establish the Munich Secession, the city’s premier avant-garde artists’ association. His subsequent career bridged the progressive and official sides of Munich’s art world. By the early 1890s Stuck was well on his way to establishing himself as a painter. He initially supported himself as a decorative artist, illustrator, and caricaturist, experiences that left their mark on his mature style. Stuck studied at the Munich Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Applied Arts) in 1878–81 and at the city’s Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Academy of Fine Arts) in 1881–85. His painting practice was complemented by his work as an illustrator, designer, and sculptor (see The Met’s paired pieces, Mounted Amazon, 27.21.7, and Wounded Centaur, 27.21.6). Stylistically, Stuck combined a traditional approach to the figure, rooted in the study of classical antiquity and Renaissance masters and in drawing from the live model, with an expressive manipulation of color, space, and form that is eminently modern. He was also a skilled portraitist, and is particularly appreciated today for his depictions of his daughter, Mary (1896–1961), often in playful historical costumes. Exploring spiritual and psychological extremes, including terror, evil, virtue, and hedonistic pleasure, his art epitomizes the preoccupation with the psyche, sexuality, and morality in European intellectual life at the turn of the century. His mythological and allegorical scenes, radiating dramatic emotion and eroticism, mark a turn away from academic convention and Realism toward an art of the imagination. The Artist: Franz von Stuck was one of the most important German painters in the years around 1900.
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